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کاوش حباب محلی با استفاده از باندهای پخش میان ستاره ای
فرهنگ نیا، امین Farhang Nia, Amin
اطلاعات کتابشناختی
کاوش حباب محلی با استفاده از باندهای پخش میان ستاره ای
پدیدآور اصلی :
فرهنگ نیا، امین Farhang Nia, Amin
ناشر :
صنعتی شریف
سال انتشار :
1393
موضوع ها :
محیط بین ستاره ای Interstellar Medium حباب Bubble فراوانی Abundance حباب محلی Local...
شماره راهنما :
04-47159
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فهرست مطالب
Section One - Introductory Concepts
(13)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Programmable Controllers
(15)
1-1 Definition
(16)
1-2 A Historical Background
(17)
1-3 Principles of Operation
(22)
1-4 PLCs Versus Other Types of Controls
(25)
1-5 PLC Product Application Ranges
(34)
1-6 Ladder Diagrams and the PLC
(36)
1-7 Advantages of PLCs
(38)
Chapter 2 Number Systems and Codes
(45)
2-1 Number Systems
(46)
2-2 Number Conversions
(53)
2-3 One's and Two's Complement
(55)
2-4 Binary Codes
(58)
2-5 Register Word Formats
(62)
Chapter 3 Logic Concepts
(67)
3-1 The Binary Concept
(68)
3-2 Logic Functions
(69)
3-3 Principles of Boolean Algebra and Logic
(76)
3-4 PLC Circuits and Logic Contact Symbology
(80)
Section Two - Components and Systems
(91)
Chapter 4 Processors, the Power Supply, and Programming Devices
(93)
4-1 Introduction
(94)
4-2 Processors
(96)
4-3 Processor Scan
(98)
4-4 Error Checking and Diagnostics
(104)
4-5 The System Power Supply
(110)
4-6 Programming Devices
(116)
Chapter 5 The Memory System and I/O Interaction
(121)
5-1 Memory Overview
(122)
5-2 Memory Types
(123)
5-3 Memory Structure and Capacity
(127)
5-4 Memory Organization and I/O Interaction
(131)
5-5 Configuring the PLC Memory—I/O Addressing
(139)
5-6 Summary of Memory, Scanning, and I/O Interaction
(144)
5-7 Memory Considerations
(145)
Chapter 6 The Discrete Input/Output System
(149)
6-1 Introduction to Discrete I/O Systems
(150)
6-2 I/O Rack Enclosures and Table Mapping
(151)
6-3 Remote I/O Systems
(158)
6-4 PLC Instructions for Discrete Inputs
(159)
6-5 Types of Discrete Inputs
(162)
6-6 PLC Instructions for Discrete Outputs
(174)
6-7 Discrete Outputs
(177)
6-8 Discrete Bypass/Control Stations
(189)
6-9 Interpreting I/O Specifications
(190)
6-10 Summary of Discrete I/O
(194)
Chapter 7 The Analog Input/Output System
(197)
7-1 Overview of Analog Input Signals
(198)
7-2 Instructions for Analog Input Modules
(199)
7-3 Analog Input Data Representation
(201)
7-4 Analog Input Data Handling
(208)
7-5 Analog Input Connections
(211)
7-6 Overview of Analog Output Signals
(213)
7-7 Instructions for Analog Output Modules
(213)
7-8 Analog Output Data Representation
(215)
7-9 Analog Output Data Handling
(219)
7-10 Analog Output Connections
(225)
7-11 Analog Output Bypass/Control Stations
(226)
Chapter 8 Special Function I/O and Serial Communication Interfacing
(229)
8-1 Introduction to Special I/O Modules
(230)
8-2 Special Discrete Interfaces
(232)
8-3 Special Analog, Temperature, and PID Interfaces
(236)
8-4 Positioning Interfaces
(245)
8-5 ASCII, Computer, and Network Interfaces
(260)
8-6 Fuzzy Logic Interfaces
(267)
8-7 Peripheral Interfacing
(272)
Section Three - PLC Programming
(285)
Chapter 9 Programming Languages
(287)
9-1 Introduction to Programming Languages
(288)
9-2 Types of PLC Languages
(288)
9-3 Ladder Diagram Format
(294)
9-4 Ladder Relay Instructions
(301)
9-5 Ladder Relay Programming
(310)
9-6 Timers and Counters
(318)
9-7 Timer Instructions
(320)
9-8 Counter Instructions
(324)
9-9 Program/Flow Control Instructions
(329)
9-10 Arithmetic Instructions
(334)
9-11 Data Manipulation Instructions
(346)
9-12 Data Transfer Instructions
(360)
9-13 Special Function Instructions
(370)
9-14 Network Communication Instructions
(375)
9-15 Boolean Mnemonics
(381)
Chapter 10 The IEC 1131 Standard and Programming Language
(385)
10-1 Introduction to the IEC 1131
(386)
10-2 IEC 1131-3 Programming Languages
(392)
10-3 Sequential Function Chart Programming
(415)
10-4 Types of Step Actions
(431)
10-5 IEC 1131-3 Software Systems
(441)
10-6 Summary
(451)
Chapter 11 System Programming and Implementation
(455)
11-1 Control Task Definition
(456)
11-2 Control Strategy
(456)
11-3 Implementation Guidelines
(457)
11-4 Program Organization and Implementation
(458)
11-5 Discrete I/O Control Programming
(477)
11-6 Analog I/O Control Programming
(504)
11-7 Short Programming Examples
(533)
Chapter 12 PLC System Documentation
(547)
12-1 Introduction to Documentation
(548)
12-2 Steps for Documentation
(549)
12-3 PLC Documentation Systems
(559)
12-4 Conclusion
(561)
Section Four - PLC Process Applications
(563)
Chapter 13 Data Measurements and Transducers
(565)
13-1 Basic Measurement Concepts
(566)
13-2 Interpreting Errors in Measurements
(572)
13-3 Transducer Measurements
(577)
13-4 Thermal Transducers
(584)
13-5 Displacement Transducers
(598)
13-6 Pressure Transducers
(600)
13-7 Flow Transducers
(603)
13-8 Vibration Transducers
(611)
13-9 Summary
(620)
Chapter 14 Process Responses and Transfer Functions
(621)
14-1 Process Control Basics
(622)
14-2 Control System Parameters
(626)
14-3 Process Dynamics
(635)
14-4 Laplace Transform Basics
(644)
14-5 Dead Time Responses in Laplace Form
(656)
14-6 Lag Responses in Laplace Form
(657)
Chapter 15 Process Controllers and Loop tuning
(681)
15-1 Introduction
(682)
15-2 Controller Actions
(683)
15-3 Discrete-Mode Controllers
(688)
15-4 Continuous-Mode Controllers
(702)
15-5 Proportional Controllers (PMode)
(704)
15-6 Integral Controllers (I Mode)
(718)
15-7 Proportional-Integral Controllers (PI Mode)
(727)
15-8 Derivative Controllers (D Mode)
(737)
15-9 Proportional-Derivative Controllers (PD Mode)
(741)
15-10 Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controllers (PID Mode)
(748)
15-11 Advanced Control Systems
(756)
15-12 Controller Loop Tuning
(759)
15-13 Summary
(778)
Section Five - Advanced PLC Topics and Networks
(783)
Chapter 16 Artificial Intelligence and PLC Systems
(785)
16-1 Introduction to AI Systems
(786)
16-2 Types of AI Systems
(786)
16-3 Organizational Structure of an AI System
(788)
16-4 Knowledge Representation
(790)
16-5 Knowledge Inference
(793)
16-6 AI Fault Diagnostics Application
(800)
Chapter 17 Fuzzy Logic
(809)
17-1 Introduction to Fuzzy Logic
(810)
17-2 History of Fuzzy Logic
(813)
17-3 Fuzzy Logic Operation
(814)
17-4 Fuzzy Logic Control Components
(817)
17-5 Fuzzy Logic Control Example
(840)
17-6 Fuzzy Logic Design Guidelines
(847)
Chapter 18 Local Area Networks
(859)
18-1 History of Local Area Networks
(860)
18-2 Principles of Local Area Networks
(860)
18-3 Network Topologies
(863)
18-4 Network Access Methods
(869)
18-5 Communication Media
(872)
18-6 Understanding Network Specifications
(874)
18-7 Network Protocols
(878)
18-8 Network Testing and Troubleshooting
(886)
18-9 Network Comparison and Selection Criteria
(887)
Chapter 19 I/O Bus Networks
(891)
19-1 Introduction to I/O Bus Networks
(892)
19-2 Types of I/O Bus Networks
(895)
19-3 Advantages of I/O Bus Networks
(897)
19-4 Device Bus Networks
(898)
19-5 Process Bus Networks
(911)
19-6 I/O Bus Installation and Wiring Connections
(922)
19-7 Summary of I/O Bus Networks
(928)
Section Six - Installation and Start-Up
(931)
Chapter 20 PLC Start-Up and Maintenance
(933)
20-1 PLC System Layout
(934)
20-2 Power Requirements and Safety Circuitry
(943)
20-3 Noise, Heat, and Voltage Requirements
(947)
20-4 I/O Installation, Wiring, and Precautions
(954)
20-5 PLC Start-Up and Checking Procedures
(960)
20-6 PLC System Maintenance
(964)
20-7 Troubleshooting the PLC System
(966)
Chapter 21 System Selection Guidelines
(973)
21-1 Introduction to PLC System Selection
(974)
21-2 PLC Sizes and Scopes of Applications
(974)
21-3 Process Control System Definition
(981)
21-4 Other Considerations
(993)
21-5 Summary
(994)
Appendices
(997)
Appendix A: Logic Symbols, Truth Tables, and Equivalent Ladder Logic Diagrams
(999)
Appendix B: ASCII Reference
(1001)
Appendix C: Electrical Relay Diagram Symbols
(1003)
Appendix D: P&ID Symbols
(1005)
Appendix E: Equation of a Line and Number Tables
(1007)
Appendix F: Abbreviations and Acronyms
(1009)
Appendix G: Voltage-Current Laplace Transfer Function Relationships
(1011)
Glossary
(1013)
Index
(1037)
