• Cover (1)
• Half Title (2)
• Introduction to Aircraft Structural Analysis (3)
• Copyright (4)
• Dedication (5)
• Preface to the Third Edition (6)
• Part A: Fundamentals of structural analysis (7)
• Section A1: Elasticity (8)
• Chapter 1 Basic elasticity (9)
  • Stress (9)
  • Notation for forces and stresses (11)
  • Equations of equilibrium (13)
  • Plane stress (15)
  • Boundary conditions (15)
  • Determination of stresses on inclined planes (16)
  • Principal stresses (19)
  • Mohr's circle of stress (21)
  • Strain (26)
  • Compatibility equations (29)
  • Plane strain (30)
  • Determination of strains on inclined planes (31)
  • Principal strains (33)
  • Mohr's circle of strain (34)
  • Stress-strain relationships (34)
    • Temperature effects (39)
  • Experimental measurement of surface strains (41)
  • Reference (47)
  • Additional Reading (47)
• Chapter 2 Two-dimensional problems in elasticity (51)
  • Two-dimensional problems (51)
  • Stress functions (53)
  • Inverse and semi-inverse methods (54)
  • St. venant's principle (60)
  • Displacements (61)
  • Bending of an end-loaded cantilever (62)
  • Reference (67)
• Chapter 3 Torsion of solid sections (72)
  • Prandtl stress function solution (72)
  • St. Venant warping function solution (84)
  • The membrane analogy (85)
  • Torsion of a narrow rectangular strip (87)
  • References (89)
• Section A2: Virtual work, energy, and matrix methods (92)
• Chapter 4 Virtual work and energy methods (92)
  • Work (92)
  • Principle of virtual work (93)
    • Principle of virtual work for a particle (94)
    • Principle of virtual work for a rigid body (95)
    • Virtual work in a deformable body (100)
    • Work done by internal force systems (101)
      • Axial force (101)
      • Shear force (103)
      • Bending moment (104)
      • Torsion (105)
      • Hinges (105)
      • Sign of internal virtual work (105)
    • Virtual work due to external force systems (106)
    • Use of virtual force systems (107)
  • Applications of the principle of virtual work (107)
  • Reference (118)
• Chapter 5 Energy methods (124)
  • Strain energy and complementary energy (124)
  • Principle of the stationary value of the total complementary energy (126)
  • Application to deflection problems (127)
  • Application to the solution of statically indeterminate systems (136)
  • Unit load method (153)
  • Flexibility method (156)
    • Self-straining trusses (160)
  • Total potential energy (161)
  • Principle of the stationary value of the total potential energy (162)
  • Principle of superposition (165)
  • Reciprocal theorem (165)
  • Temperature effects (169)
  • References (172)
  • Further reading (172)
• Chapter 6 Matrix methods (184)
  • Notation (185)
  • Stiffness matrix for an elastic spring (186)
  • Stiffness matrix for two elastic springs in line (187)
  • Matrix analysis of pin-jointed frameworks (190)
  • Application to statically indeterminate frameworks (197)
  • Matrix analysis of space frames (197)
  • Stiffness matrix for a uniform beam (199)
  • Finite element method for continuum structures (206)
    • Stiffness matrix for a beam-element (208)
    • Stiffness matrix for a triangular finite element (212)
    • Stiffness matrix for a quadrilateral element (218)
  • References (224)
  • Further reading (224)
• Section A3: Thin plate theory (232)
• Chapter 7 Bending of thin plates (233)
  • Pure bending of thin plates (233)
  • Plates subjected to bending and twisting (236)
  • Plates subjected to a distributed transverse load (240)
    • The simply supported edge (243)
    • The built-in edge (244)
    • The free edge (244)
  • Combined bending and in-plane loading of a thin rectangular plate (250)
  • Bending of thin plates having a small initial curvature (254)
  • Energy method for the bending of thin plates (255)
    • Strain energy produced by bending and twisting (255)
    • Potential energy of a transverse load (257)
    • Potential energy of in-plane loads (257)
  • Further reading (263)
• Section A4: Structural instability (267)
• Chapter 8 Columns (267)
  • Euler buckling of columns (267)
  • Inelastic buckling (273)
  • Effect of initial imperfections (278)
  • Stability of beams under transverse and axial loads (281)
  • Energy method for the calculation of buckling loads in columns (284)
  • Flexural-torsional buckling of thin-walled columns (288)
  • References (300)
• Chapter 9 Thin plates (309)
  • Buckling of thin plates (309)
  • Inelastic buckling of plates (312)
  • Experimental determination of the critical load for a flat plate (314)
  • Local instability (314)
  • Instability of stiffened panels (315)
  • Failure stress in plates and stiffened panels (317)
  • Tension field beams (321)
    • Complete diagonal tension (322)
    • Incomplete diagonal tension (329)
    • Postbuckling behavior (332)
  • References (337)
• Part B: Analysis of aircraft structures (343)
• Section B1: Principles of stressed skin construction (344)
• Chapter 10 Materials (344)
  • Aluminum alloys (344)
  • Steel (346)
  • Titanium (347)
  • Plastics (348)
  • Glass (348)
  • Composite materials (348)
  • Properties of materials (350)
    • Outline placeholder
      • Ductility (350)
      • Brittleness (350)
      • Elastic materials (350)
      • Plasticity (350)
      • Isotropic materials (351)
      • Anisotropic materials (351)
      • Orthotropic materials (351)
    • Testing of engineering materials (351)
      • Tensile tests (351)
      • Compression tests (352)
      • Bending tests (352)
      • Shear tests (354)
      • Hardness tests (355)
      • Impact tests (356)
    • Stress-strain curves (357)
      • Low carbon steel (mild steel) (357)
      • Aluminum (359)
      • Brittle materials (360)
      • Composites (361)
    • Strain hardening (361)
    • Creep and relaxation (362)
    • Fatigue (362)
• Chapter 11 Structural components of aircraft (367)
  • Loads on structural components (367)
  • Function of structural components (369)
  • Fabrication of structural components (374)
  • Connections (379)
    • Simple lap joint (379)
      • Rivet shear (380)
      • Bearing pressure (380)
      • Plate failure in tension (380)
      • Shear failure in a plate (380)
    • Joint efficiency (382)
    • Group-riveted joints (382)
    • Eccentrically loaded riveted joints (382)
    • Use of adhesives (385)
  • Reference (385)
• Section B2: Airworthiness and airframe loads (388)
• Chapter 12 Airworthiness (388)
  • Factors of safety-flight envelope (388)
  • Load factor determination (390)
    • Limit load (390)
    • Uncertainties in design and structural deterioration (390)
    • Variation in structural strength (390)
    • Fatigue (391)
  • Reference (393)
• Chapter 13 Airframe loads (394)
  • Aircraft inertia loads (394)
  • Symmetric maneuver loads (400)
    • Level flight (401)
    • General case of a symmetric maneuver (402)
  • Normal accelerations associated with various types of maneuver (405)
    • Steady pull-out (406)
    • Correctly banked turn (407)
  • Gust loads (409)
    • Sharp-edged gust (411)
    • The graded gust (413)
    • Gust envelope (414)
  • References (417)
• Chapter 14 Fatigue (423)
  • Safe life and fail-safe structures (423)
  • Designing against fatigue (424)
  • Fatigue strength of components (425)
  • Prediction of aircraft fatigue life (431)
  • Crack propagation (437)
    • Stress concentration factor (437)
    • Crack tip plasticity (440)
    • Crack propagation rates (441)
  • References (444)
  • Further reading (444)
• Section B3: Bending, shear and torsion of thin-walled beams (447)
• Chapter 15 Bending of open and closed, thin-walled beams (447)
  • Symmetrical bending (448)
    • Assumptions (449)
    • Direct stress distribution (449)
    • Anticlastic bending (455)
  • Unsymmetrical bending (456)
    • Sign conventions and notation (456)
    • Resolution of bending moments (458)
    • Direct stress distribution due to bending (458)
    • Position of the neutral axis (461)
    • Load intensity, shear force, and bending moment relationships, the general case (462)
  • Deflections due to bending (463)
    • Singularity functions (470)
  • Calculation of section properties (478)
    • Parallel axes theorem (478)
    • Theorem of perpendicular axes (478)
    • Second moments of area of standard sections (479)
    • Product second moment of area (481)
    • Approximations for thin-walled sections (483)
  • Applicability of bending theory (487)
  • Temperature effects (487)
  • Reference (491)
• Chapter 16 Shear of beams (500)
  • General stress, strain, and displacement relationships for open and single-cell closed section thin-walled beams (500)
  • Shear of open section beams (504)
    • Shear center (508)
  • Shear of closed section beams (513)
    • Twist and warping of shear loaded closed section beams (517)
    • Shear center (519)
  • References (522)
• Chapter 17 Torsion of beams (532)
  • Torsion of closed section beams (532)
    • Displacements associated with the Bredt-Batho shear flow (534)
    • Condition for zero warping at a section (541)
  • Torsion of open section beams (542)
    • Warping of the cross-section (543)
  • Reference (548)
• Chapter 18 Combined open and closed section beams (556)
  • Bending (556)
  • Shear (558)
  • Torsion (561)
• Chapter 19 Structural idealization (568)
  • Principle (568)
  • Idealization of a panel (569)
  • Effect of idealization on the analysis of open and closed section beams (571)
    • Bending of open and closed section beams (572)
    • Shear of open section beams (573)
    • Shear loading of closed section beams (579)
    • Alternative method for the calculation of shear flow distribution (581)
    • Torsion of open and closed section beams (583)
  • Deflection of open and closed section beams (583)
• Section B4: Stress analysis of aircraft components (591)
• Chapter 20 Wing spars and box beams (591)
  • Tapered wing spar (591)
  • Open and closed section beams (595)
  • Beams having variable stringer areas (600)
  • Reference (605)
• Chapter 21 Fuselages (608)
  • Bending (608)
  • Shear (610)
  • Torsion (612)
  • Cut-outs in fuselages (614)
• Chapter 22 Wings (621)
  • Three-boom shell (621)
  • Bending (622)
  • Torsion (623)
  • Shear (628)
  • Shear center (635)
  • Tapered wings (635)
  • Deflections (638)
  • Cut-outs in wings (639)
  • Reference (647)
• Chapter 23 Fuselage frames and wing ribs (655)
  • Principles of stiffener/web construction (655)
  • Fuselage frames (660)
  • Wing ribs (661)
• Chapter 24 Laminated composite structures (667)
  • Elastic constants of a simple lamina (667)
  • Stress-strain relationships for an orthotropic ply (macro approach) (673)
    • Specially orthotropic ply (673)
    • Generally orthotropic ply (675)
  • Laminates (682)
    • Assumptions and notation (683)
    • Laminate under in-plane loading (684)
    • Equivalent elastic constants (687)
    • Laminate strengths (696)
  • Thin-walled composite beams (698)
    • Axial load (699)
    • Bending (702)
    • Shear (705)
      • Open section beams (705)
      • Closed section beams (706)
    • Torsion (708)
      • Closed section beams (708)
      • Open section beams (710)
  • References (711)
• Index (718)
  • A (718)
  • B (718)
  • C (718)
  • D (719)
  • E (719)
  • F (719)
  • G (720)
  • H (720)
  • I (720)
  • L (720)
  • M (720)
  • N (721)
  • P (721)
  • R (722)
  • S (722)
  • T (723)
  • U (723)
  • V (723)
  • W (724)
  • Y (724)
• Back Cover (725)