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1510 مرتبه مشاهده شده
Contaminant hydrogeology
Fetter, C. W
- ISBN:1478632798
- ISBN:9781478632795
- Call Number : TD 426 .F48 2018
- Main Entry: Fetter, C. W (Charles Willard), 1942-
- Title:Contaminant hydrogeology / C.W. Fetter, Thomas Boving, David Kreamer.
- Edition:3rd ed.
- Publisher:Long Grove, Ill : Waveland Press, 2018.
- Physical Description:xiv, 647 p.: ill. ; 24 cm
- Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index
- Subject:Groundwater -- Pollution.
- Subject:Groundwater -- Purification.
- Subject:Hydrogeology.
- Added Entry:Boving, Thomas B.
- Added Entry:Kreamer, David K.
Contaminant hydrogeology
- Title Page
- Contents
- Acknowledgements and Dedication
- Preface
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 Groundwater as a Resource
- 1.2 Types of Groundwater Contaminants
- 1.3 Drinking-Water Standards
- 1.4 Risk and Drinking Water
- 1.5 Sources of Groundwater Contamination
- 1.5.1 Category 1: Sources Designed to Discharge Substances
- 1.5.2 Category II: Sources Designed to Store, Treat and/or Dispose of Substances
- 1.5.3 Category Ill: Sources Designed to Retain Substances During Transport
- 1.5.4 Category IV: Sources Discharging Substances as a Consequence of Other Planned Activities
- 1.5.5 Category V: Sources Providing a Conduit for Contaminated Water to Enter Aquifers
- 1.5.6 Category VI: Naturally Occurring Sources Whose Discharge is Created and/or Exacerbated by Human Activity
- 1.6 Relative Ranking of Groundwater-Contamination Sources and Substances
- 1.7 Groundwater Contamination as a Long-Term Problem
- 1.8 Review of Mathematics and the Flow Equation
- References
- Problems
- Chapter 2: Mass Transport in Saturated Media
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Transport by Concentration Gradients
- 2.3 Transport by Advection
- 2.4 Mechanical Dispersion
- 2.5 Hydrodynamic Dispersion
- 2.6 Derivation of the Advection-Dispersion Equation for Solute Transport
- 2.7 Diffusion versus Dispersion
- 2.8 Moment Analysis
- 2.9 Analytical Solutions of the Advection-Dispersion Equation
- 2.9.1 Methods of Solution
- 2.9.2 Boundary and Initial Conditions
- 2.9.3 One-Dimensional Step Change in Concentration (First-Type Boundary)
- 2.9.4 One-Dimensional Continuous Injection into a Flow Field (Second-Type Boundary)
- 2.9.5 Third-Type Boundary Condition
- 2.9.6 One-Dimensional Slug Injection into a Flow Field
- 2.9.7 Continuous Injection into a Uniform Two-Dimensional Flow Field
- 2.9.8 Slug Injection into a Uniform Two-Dimensional Flow Field
- 2.10 Effects of Transverse Dispersion
- 2.11 Tests to Determine Dispersivity Values
- 2.12 Scale Effect of Dispersion
- 2.13 Stochastic Models of Solute Transport
- 2.14 Regression Analysis of Relationship between Apparent Longitudinal Dispersivity and Field Scale
- 2.15 Deterministic Models of Solute Transport
- 2.16 Transport in Fractured Media
- 2.17 Summary
- Chapter Notation
- References
- Problems
- Chapter 3: Transformation, Retardation, and Attenuation of Solutes
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Classification of Chemical Reactions
- 3.3 Sorption Processes
- 3.4 Equilibrium Surface Reactions
- 3.5 Nonequilibrium (Kinetic) Sorption Models
- 3.6 Sorption of Hydrophobic (Organic) Compounds
- 3.7 Homogeneous Reactions
- 3.8 Radioactive Decay
- 3.9 Biodegradation
- 3.10 Colloidal Transport
- 3.11 Summary
- Chapter Notation
- References
- Problems
- Chapter 4: Flow and Mass Transport in the Vadose Zone
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Soil as a Porous Medium
- 4.3 Soil Colloids
- 4.4 The Electrostatic Double Layer
- 4.5 Salinity Effects on Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils
- 4.6 Flow of Water in the Unsaturated Zone
- 4.7 Liquid Mass Transport in the Unsaturated Zone
- 4.8 Equilibrium Models of Mass Transport
- 4.9 Nonequilibrium Models of Mass Transport
- 4.10 Anion Exclusion
- 4.11 Preferential Flowpaths in the Vadose Zone
- 4.12 Vapor Phase Transport
- 4.13 Summary
- Chapter Notation
- References
- Problems
- Chapter 5: Multiphase Flow
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Basic Concepts
- 5.3 Migration of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs)
- 5.4 Capillary and Bond Numbers
- 5.5 Partitioning Interwell Tracer Tests
- 5.6 Volatilization of NAPLs
- 5.7 Vapor Density
- 5.8 Measurement of the Thickness of a Floating Product
- 5.9 Effect of the Rise and Fall of the Water Table on the Distribution of LNAPLs
- 5.10 Migration of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs)
- 5.11 Monitoring for LNAPLs and DNAPLs
- 5.12 Summary
- Chapter Notation
- References
- Problems
- Chapter 6: Inorganic Chemicals in Groundwater
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Units of Measurement and Concentration
- 6.3 Chemical Equilibrium and the Law of Mass Action
- 6.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- 6.5 Relationship between pH and Eh
- 6.6 Metal Complexes and Facilitated Particle Transport
- 6.7 Chemistry of Nonmetallic Inorganic Contaminants
- 6.8 Chemistry of Metals
- 6.9 Radioactive Isotopes
- 6.10 Geochemical Zonation
- 6.11 Summary
- Chapter Notation
- References
- Problems
- Chapter 7: Organic Compounds in Groundwater
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
- 7.3 Organic Structure and Nomenclature
- 7.4 Petroleum and Coal Tar
- 7.5 Functional Groups
- 7.6 Degradation of Organic Compounds
- 7.7 Field Studies of Biological Degradation of Organic Molecules
- 7.8 Analysis of Organic Compounds in Groundwater
- 7.9 Fingerprinting Petroleum Distillates and Coal Tar
- 7.10 Summary
- References
- Problems
- Chapter 8: Site Characterization—Groundwater and Soil Monitoring
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Noninvasive Measures
- 8.3 Minimally Invasive Soil Monitoring
- 8.4 Invasive Methods - Monitoring Well Design
- 8.4.1 General Information
- 8.4.2 Monitoring Well Casing
- 8.4.3 Monitoring Well Screens
- 8.4.4 Naturally Developed and Filter-Packed Wells
- 8.4.5 Annular Seal
- 8.4.6 Protective Casing
- 8.4.7 Screen Length and Setting
- 8.4.8 Summary of Monitoring Design for Single Screened Wells
- 8.4.9 Multiple-level Wells and Multilevel Devices for Groundwater Monitoring
- 8.5 Installation of Monitoring Wells
- 8.5.1 Decontamination Procedures
- 8.5.2 Methods of Drilling
- 8.5.3 Drilling in Contaminated Soil
- 8.5.4 Sample Collection of Solid Material During Drilling
- 8.5.5 Installation of Monitoring Wells
- 8.5.6 Monitoring Well Development
- 8.5.7 Record Keeping During Monitoring Well Construction
- 8.5.8 Monitoring Well and Borehole Abandonment
- 8.6 Well Sampling
- 8.7 Other Site Characterization Methods and Groundwater Contamination Forensics
- 8.7.1 Introduction
- 8.7.2 Borehole Geophysics and Downhole Techniques
- 8.7.3 Water Quality Indicators of Groundwater Provenance and Movement—Tracers
- 8.7.4 Water Quality Indicators of Groundwater Provenance and Movement—Groundwater Composition, Compound Ratios, Daughter Products, Degradation Indicators, and Other Indicator Compounds
- 8.7.5 Water Quality Indicators of Groundwater Provenance and Movement—Isotopic Identification of Pollution Sources and Groundwater Pathways
- 8.7.6 Water Quality Indicators of Groundwater Condition—Microbial Testing and Genome Sequencing
- 8.8 Summary
- References
- Problem
- Chapter 9: Site Remediation
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Source-Control Measures
- 9.3 Pump-and-Treat Systems
- 9.4 Treatment of Extracted Groundwater
- 9.5 Recovery of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids
- 9.6 Removal of Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
- 9.7 Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE)
- 9.8 Air Sparging and Bioslurping
- 9.9 Combination Methods
- 9.10 Bioremediation
- 9.11 Conceptual Site Models
- 9.12 Permeable Reactive Barriers
- 9.13 Chemically-Enhanced In Situ Flushing
- 9.14 In Situ Thermal Treatment (ISTT)
- 9.15 In situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)
- 9.16 Phytoremediation
- 9.17 Summary
- Chapter Notation
- References
- Appendix A: Error Function Values
- Appendix B: Bessel Functions
- Appendix C: W(tD, B) Values
- Appendix D: Exponential Integral
- Appendix E: Unit Abbreviations
- Index
- About the Authors