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Flash ironmaking
Sohn, H. Y.
- ISBN:9781032377759
- ISBN:9781000846942
- Call Number : TN 665 .S646 2023
- Main Entry: Sohn, H. Y.
- Title:Flash ironmaking [electronic resource] / H. Y. Sohn.
- Publisher:Boca Raton, Florida; Abingdon, Oxon : CRC Press, [2023]
- Physical Description:xxv, 270 p.: ill
- Notes:Includes bibliographical references and index
- Subject:Metallurgy.
محتواي کتاب
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- Abbreviations
- Nomenclature
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Author
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 Current Technologies for Ironmaking
- Chapter 3 Issues Facing the Steel Industry
- Chapter 4 Flash Ironmaking Technology – Concept Development
- Chapter 5 Basic Properties and Sources of Magnetite Concentrate
- Chapter 6 Principles Related to Iron Oxide Reduction
- 6.1 Thermochemistry
- 6.1.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics – Heat and Heat Capacity
- 6.1.2 Physical Changes and Heat Content
- 6.1.3 Chemical Changes and Standard State
- 6.1.4 Standard Heat of Formation or Standard Enthalpy of Formation
- 6.1.5 Standard Heat of Combustion
- 6.1.6 Hess' Law
- 6.1.7 Heat of Chemical Reaction
- 6.1.8 Heat of Reaction at Different Temperatures
- 6.1.9 Adiabatic Reaction Temperature
- 6.1.10 Heat of Mixing
- 6.1.11 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
- 6.1.12 Activity and Activity Coefficient
- 6.1.13 Chemical Equilibrium
- 6.1.14 Calculation of Equilibrium Composition
- 6.1.15 Ellingham Diagram – ΔG° – T Diagram
- 6.1.16 Gibbs' Phase Rule
- 6.1.17 Stability Diagram
- 6.2 Reaction Kinetics of Fine Solid Particles with a Gas
- 6.2.1 Introduction
- 6.2.2 Chemically Controlled Shrinking-Core Kinetics
- 6.2.3 Nucleation and Growth Kinetics – Avrami–Erofeev Equation
- 6.2.4 Nucleation and Growth Kinetics – Prout–Tompkins Model (Also Called the Autocatalytic Model)
- 6.2.5 Solid-State Diffusion Model
- 6.2.6 Summary of Various Solid-State Reaction Kinetics Models
- 6.2.7 Analysis of Rate Data
- 6.1 Thermochemistry
- Chapter 7 Development of Flash Ironmaking Technology – Reduction Kinetics of Magnetite Concentrate Particles
- 7.1 Materials
- 7.2 Experimental Apparatus
- 7.3 Experimental Procedure
- 7.4 Formulation of Reduction Kinetics Equation
- 7.5 Results of Rate Measurements and Rate Equations
- 7.5.1 Reduction by Hydrogen: Temperature Range of 1,150°C–1,350°C
- 7.5.2 Reduction by Hydrogen: Temperature Range of 1,350°C–1,600°C
- 7.5.3 Reduction by Carbon Monoxide: Temperature Range of 1,150°C–1,350°C
- 7.5.4 Reduction by Carbon Monoxide: Temperature Range of 1,350°C–1,600°C
- 7.5.5 Reduction by H[sub(2)] + CO Mixtures: Temperature Range of 1,150°C–1,350°C
- 7.5.6 Reduction by H[sub(2)] + CO Mixtures: Temperature Range of 1,350°C–1,600°C
- 7.5.7 Summary on the Reduction Kinetics of Magnetite Concentrate Particles
- 7.6 Refinements of the Rate Equations for the Reduction of Concentrate Particles Through Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling
- 7.6.1 Approach and Methodology
- 7.6.2 Numerical Procedure
- 7.6.3 Modeling Results
- 7.6.4 Kinetics Analysis Procedure
- 7.6.5 Complete Rate Equations
- 7.6.5.1 Reduction by Hydrogen: Temperature Range of 1,150°C–1,350°C
- 7.6.5.2 Reduction by Hydrogen: Temperature Range of 1,350°C–1,600°C
- 7.6.5.3 Reduction by Carbon Monoxide: Temperature Range of 1,150°C–1,350°C
- 7.6.5.4 Reduction by Carbon Monoxide: Temperature Range of 1,350°C–1,600°C
- 7.6.5.5 Reduction of Hematite Concentrate by H[sub(2)] or CO
- 7.6.5.6 Derivation for Comparison of X-vs-t of a Compound with That of an Intermediate Phase as a Separate Reactant
- 7.6.6 Reduction by H[sub(2)] + CO Mixtures
- 7.6.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
- Chapter 8 Development of Flash Ironmaking Technology – Tests in a Laboratory Flash Reactor
- Chapter 9 Development of Flash Ironmaking Technology – Operation of a Pilot-Plant-Scale Flash Reactor
- Chapter 10 Development of Flash Ironmaking Technology – Computational Fluid Dynamics Design of Flash Ironmaking Reactors
- 10.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Utah Laboratory Flash Reactor
- 10.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Pilot-Plant-Scale Flash Reactor
- 10.3 Optimization of Mini-Pilot Flash Reactor Operating Conditions with CFD
- 10.3.1 Realistic Boundary Conditions
- 10.3.2 Effect of the Inlet Oxygen to Natural Gas Ratio with the Same Total Gas Flow Rate
- 10.3.3 Effect of Total Gas Flow Rate with Constant Oxygen/Natural Gas Ratio
- 10.3.4 Comparison of the Simulated and the Equilibrium Gas Compositions
- 10.3.5 Profiles of Metallization Degree
- 10.3.6 Heat Loss to the Surroundings
- 10.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling – Design of Intermediate-Size Flash Ironmaking Reactors
- 10.5 Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling – Design of Full-Scale Industrial Flash Ironmaking Reactors
- Chapter 11 Flash Ironmaking Flow Sheet Development and Process Analysis
- Chapter 12 Economic Analysis of Flash Ironmaking Technology
- References
- Index