Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

Hayrapetyan, A.; Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J.W. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. Damanakis, K. Dragicevic, M. Hussain, P.S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Li, A. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, R. Schwarz, D. Sonawane, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Darwish, M.R. Janssen, T. Van Mechelen, P. Bols, E.S. D'Hondt, J. Dansana, S. De Moor, A. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. Makarenko, I. Müller, D. Sahasransu, A.R. Tavernier, S. Tytgat, M. Van Onsem, G.P. Van Putte, S. Vannerom, D. Clerbaux, B. Das, A.K. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Gianneios, P. Hohov, D. Jaramillo, J. Khalilzadeh, A. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Postiau, N. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. De Coen, M. Dobur, D. Hong, Y. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. Mota Amarilo, K. Rendón, C. Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Van Den Bossche, N. van der Linden, J. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Caputo, C. Delaere, C. Donertas, I.S. Giammanco, A. Jaffel, K. Jain, S. Lemaitre, V. Lidrych, J. Mastrapasqua, P. Mondal, K. Tran, T.T. Wertz, S. Alves, G.A. Coelho, E. Hensel, C. Menezes De Oliveira, T. Moraes, A. Rebello Teles, P. Soeiro, M. Aldá Júnior, W.L. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E.M. Da Silveira, G.G. De Jesus Damiao, D. Fonseca De Souza, S. Gomes De Souza, R. Martins, J. Mora Herrera, C. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Pinheiro, J.P. Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Bernardes, C.A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Gregores, E.M. Mercadante, P.G. Novaes, S.F. Orzari, B. Padula, S.S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Keshri, S. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Javaid, T. Yuan, L. Hu, Z. Liu, J. Yi, K. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C.H. Kapoor, A. Liao, H. Liu, Z.-A. Sharma, R. Song, J.N. Tao, J. Wang, C. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, H. Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Levin, A. Li, C. Li, Q. Mao, Y. Qian, S.J. Sun, X. Wang, D. Yang, H. Zhang, L. Zhou, C. You, Z. Lu, N. Bauer, G. Gao, X. Leggat, D. Okawa, H. Lin, Z. Lu, C. Xiao, M. Avila, C. Barbosa Trujillo, D.A. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. Fraga, J. Reyes Vega, J.A. Mejia Guisao, J. Ramirez, F. Rodriguez, M. Ruiz Alvarez, J.D. Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Sculac, A. Kovac, M. Sculac, T. Bargassa, P. Brigljevic, V. Chitroda, B.K. Ferencek, D. Mishra, S. Starodumov, A. Susa, T. Attikis, A. Christoforou, K. Konstantinou, S. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P.A. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. Stepennov, A. Finger, M. Kveton, A. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, E. Abdelalim, A.A. Salama, E. Lotfy, A. Mahmoud, M.A. Ehataht, K. Kadastik, M. Lange, T. Nandan, S. Nielsen, C. Pata, J. Raidal, M. Tani, L. Veelken, C. Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. Voutilainen, M. Bharthuar, S. Brücken, E. Garcia, F. Kallonen, K.T.S. Kinnunen, R. Lampén, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Lindén, T. Martikainen, L. Myllymäki, M. Rantanen, Mm. Siikonen, H. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. Petrow, H. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Faure, J.L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Gras, P. Hamel de Monchenault, G. Lohezic, V. Malcles, J. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M.Ö. Savoy-Navarro, A. Simkina, P. Titov, M. Tornago, M. Baldenegro Barrera, C. Beaudette, F. Buchot Perraguin, A. Busson, P. Cappati, A. Charlot, C. Chiusi, M. Damas, F. Davignon, O. De Wit, A. Fontana Santos Alves, B.A. Ghosh, S. Gilbert, A. Granier de Cassagnac, R. Hakimi, A. Harikrishnan, B. Kalipoliti, L. Liu, G. Motta, J. Nguyen, M. Ochando, C. Portales, L. Salerno, R. Sauvan, J.B. Sirois, Y. Tarabini, A. Vernazza, E. Zabi, A. Zghiche, A. Agram, J.-L. Andrea, J. Apparu, D. Bloch, D. Brom, J.-M. Chabert, E.C. Collard, C. Falke, S. Goerlach, U. Grimault, C. Haeberle, R. Le Bihan, A.-C. Meena, M. Saha, G. Sessini, M.A. Van Hove, P. Beauceron, S. Blancon, B. Boudoul, G. Chanon, N. Choi, J. Contardo, D. Depasse, P. Dozen, C. El Mamouni, H. Fay, J. Gascon, S. Gouzevitch, M. Greenberg, C. Grenier, G. Ille, B. Laktineh, I.B. Lethuillier, M. Mirabito, L. Perries, S. Purohit, A. Vander Donckt, M. Verdier, P. Xiao, J. Chokheli, D. Lomidze, I. Tsamalaidze, Z. Botta, V. Feld, L. Klein, K. Lipinski, M. Meuser, D. Pauls, A. Röwert, N. Teroerde, M. Diekmann, S. Dodonova, A. Eich, N. Eliseev, D. Engelke, F. Erdmann, J. Erdmann, M. Fackeldey, P. Fischer, B. Hebbeker, T. Hoepfner, K. Ivone, F. Jung, A. Lee, My. Mastrolorenzo, L. Mausolf, F. Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Mukherjee, S. Noll, D. Nowotny, F. Pozdnyakov, A. Rath, Y. Redjeb, W. Rehm, F. Reithler, H. Sarkar, U. Sarkisovi, V. Schmidt, A. Sharma, A. Spah, J.L. Stein, A. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F. Vigilante, L. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, S. Dziwok, C. Flügge, G. Haj Ahmad, W. Kress, T. Nowack, A. Pooth, O. Stahl, A. Ziemons, T. Zotz, A. Aarup Petersen, H. Aldaya Martin, M. Alimena, J. Amoroso, S. An, Y. Baxter, S. Bayatmakou, M. Becerril Gonzalez, H. Behnke, O. Belvedere, A. Bhattacharya, S. Blekman, F. Sharif University of Technology.

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Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC

Hayrapetyan, A.

DOI:10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b
Main Entry: Hayrapetyan, A.
Title:Extracting the speed of sound in quark-gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead-lead collisions at the LHC.
Publisher:2024.
Abstract:Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb−1. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ±0.002(stat) ±0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ±8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions. © 2024 CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration
Notes:Sharif Repository
Subject:CMS.
Subject:QCD equation of state.
Subject:quark-gluon plasma.
Subject:speed of sound.
Subject:ultra-central.
Added Entry:Tumasyan, A.
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Added Entry:Behnke, O.
Added Entry:Belvedere, A.
Added Entry:Bhattacharya, S.
Added Entry:Blekman, F.
Added Entry:Sharif University of Technology.
Source: Reports on Progress in Physics ; Volume 87, Issue 7 , 2024 ; 00344885 (ISSN)
Web Site:https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b