• Chapter 1: Introduction (11)
  • Why C? (12)
  • Why AVR? (12)
  • Goals (14)
• Chapter 2: Quick Start Guide (17)
  • Software (19)
    • WinAVR – Oh, Whenever… (19)
    • Programmers Notepad (19)
    • AVRStudio – FREE and darn well worth it. (20)
    • Br@y++ Terminal: (20)
  • Hardware (21)
    • Constructing Your Development Platform (21)
  • Blinking LEDs – Your First C Program (27)
    • Write it in Programmers Notepad (27)
    • Download to the Butterfly with AVRStudio (31)
    • Blinky Goes Live (33)
    • Simulation with AVRStudio (35)
  • GOOD GRIEF! (37)
• Chapter 3: A Brief Introduction to C – What Makes Blinky Bli (39)
  • Comments (39)
    • Include Files (39)
    • Expressions, Statements, and Blocks (39)
    • Operators (40)
    • Flow Control (40)
    • Functions (41)
    • The Main() Thing (42)
• Chapter 4: C Types, Operators, and Expressions (45)
  • Data Types and Sizes (45)
    • Seen on a shirt at a Robothon event: (45)
      • Bits (45)
        • Bytes (45)
          • The long and short of it (49)
    • Variable Names (49)
    • Constants (49)
    • Declarations (50)
    • Arithmetic Operators (50)
    • Relational and Logical Operators (52)
    • Bitwise Operators (53)
      • Testing Bits (60)
    • Assignment Operators and Expressions (61)
    • Conditional Expressions (62)
    • Precedence and Order of Evaluation (62)
    • Projects (65)
      • Port Input and Output (65)
      • Cylon Eye Speed and Polarity Control (70)
• Chapter 5: C Control Flow (73)
  • Statements and Blocks (73)
    • If-Else and Else-If (74)
    • Switch (75)
    • Loops – While, For and Do-while (78)
    • Break and Continue (79)
    • Goto and Labels (80)
    • A few practical examples: strlen, atoi, itoa, reverse (81)
• Chapter 6: C Functions and Program Structures (87)
  • Function Basics (87)
    • Returns (89)
    • Variables External, Static, and Register (90)
    • Scope (91)
    • Headers (92)
    • Blocks (92)
    • Initialization (92)
    • Recursion (93)
    • Preprocessor (94)
      • Macro Substitution (95)
        • Conditional Inclusion (96)
    • Projects (98)
      • Is anybody out there? Communicating with a PC (98)
        • Demonstrator (99)
        • PC_Comm (102)
        • Using CommDemo: (106)
• Chapter 7: Microcontroller Interrupts and Timers (109)
  • Interrupts (109)
    • Projects (114)
      • Grab your joystick – and test your interrupts (114)
        • Using joystick (118)
  • Timers/Counters (119)
  • Calibrating the Butterfly oscillator: (121)
    • OSCCAL_calibration() function – detailed explanation (123)
      • ALL THIS AND WE HAVEN’T EVEN STARTED CALIBRATING YET! (125)
    • Projects (128)
      • Precision Blinking (128)
        • Using Precision Blinking: (133)
      • Pulse Width Modulation – LED Brightness Control (134)
      • Pulse Width Modulation - Motor Speed Control (137)
      • Speedometer (144)
• Chapter 8: C Pointers and Arrays (153)
  • Addresses of variables (153)
    • Function Arguments (157)
    • Arrays (159)
    • FIFOs and LIFOs: Stacks and Queues (Circular Buffers) (167)
      • Stacks (167)
        • Queues (Circular Buffers) (168)
    • Function Pointers (169)
    • Complex Pointer and Array Algorithms (170)
    • Projects (171)
      • Messenger (171)
        • Arrays in RAM and ROM (171)
      • Does anybody know what time it is? A Real Time Clock. (178)
        • A one second interrupt (178)
        • Converting Computer Time to Human Readable Time (179)
        • The Real Timer Clock Software (182)
      • Music to my ears. “Play it again Sam.” (189)
        • More on pointers to arrays (189)
        • Setting the frequency (190)
        • Setting the duration (192)
        • An example song array – Fur Elise (192)
        • Using the Piezo-element to make sound (192)
        • Initializing the Timer1 for PWM to the piezo-element. (193)
        • Generating the tone using PWM from Timer1 (193)
        • Using the Timer0 interrupt to play a tune (194)
• Chapter 9 – Digital Meets Analog – ADC and DAC (207)
  • But First - A Debugging Tale (207)
    • Analog to Digital Conversion (210)
      • What is Analog to Digital Conversion? (210)
        • Analog to Digital Conversion by Successive Approximation (211)
        • Analog to Digital Conversion with the ATMEGA169 (212)
        • Starting a Conversion (213)
        • Conversion Timing (214)
        • Changing Channels (214)
        • Digital Noise Reduction (214)
        • Conditioning the Analog Input Signal (214)
        • Accuracy (215)
    • Projects (216)
      • Initializing the ADC (216)
        • Reading the ADC (217)
        • Light Meter (219)
        • Temperature Meter (220)
        • The @#%#&*#!!!! Volt Meter (221)
        • Using ADC (223)
      • DAC and ADC - Function Generator / Digital Oscilloscope (227)
• Chapter 10: C Structures (241)
  • Structure Basics (241)
    • Structures and Functions (243)
    • Structure Arrays (246)
    • Typedef (246)
    • Unions (247)
    • Bit-fields (247)
      • Bit-Fields the C-way (247)
        • Bit-fields the masking-way (248)
    • Projects (251)
      • Finite State Machine (251)
• Chapter 11 The Butterfly LCD (261)
  • PC to LCD test program (262)
    • Conclusion (270)
• Appendix 1: Project Kits (273)
  • Data I/O (273)
    • PWM Motor Control (274)
• Appendix 2: Soldering Tutorial (275)
• Appendix 3: Debugging Tale (279)
• Appendix 4: ASCII Table (283)
• Appendix 5: Decimal, Hexadecimal, and Binary (285)
• Appendix 6: Motor Speed Control Wheel (287)
• Appendix 7: HyperTerminal (289)
• Index (295)