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Quantitative genetics
Caballero, Armando,
اطلاعات کتابشناختی
Quantitative genetics
Author :
Caballero, Armando,
Publisher :
Author,
Pub. Year :
2020
Subjects :
Quantitative genetics.
Call Number :
QH 452 .7 .C3313 2020
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Cover
(1)
Half-title page
(3)
Title page
(5)
Copyright page
(6)
Dedication
(7)
Contents
(9)
Preface
(15)
Preface to the Spanish Version
(17)
1 Continuous Variation
(19)
1.1 Quantitative Traits
(19)
1.2 Basic Concepts and Definitions
(21)
1.3 Historical Perspective
(22)
1.3.1 Beginnings of Quantitative Genetics: Heritable Variation and Evolution
(22)
1.3.2 The Development of the Central Body of Quantitative and Population Genetics
(25)
1.4 The Infinitesimal Model
(28)
Problems
(31)
Self-Assessment Questions
(32)
2 Forces of Change in the Allele Frequencies
(33)
2.1 Allele, Gamete and Genotype Frequencies
(33)
2.2 Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
(34)
2.3 Gametic or Linkage Disequilibrium
(37)
2.4 Forces of Change in the Allele Frequencies
(41)
2.5 Genetic Drift: The Ideal Population of Wright–Fisher
(41)
2.6 Change in Allele Frequencies by Mutation
(44)
2.7 Change in Allele Frequencies Due to Migration
(45)
2.8 Change in Allele Frequencies by Natural Selection
(46)
2.8.1 General Model of Fitness for a Locus
(46)
2.8.2 Change of Frequency of a Lethal Recessive Allele
(48)
2.8.3 Change in the Allele Frequency of a Favourable Allele
(50)
2.8.4 Overdominance and Underdominance
(51)
2.8.5 Natural Selection and Hardy–Weinberg Disequilibrium
(55)
2.8.6 Recreation of the Evolutionary Change in the Laboratory
(56)
Problems
(57)
Self-Assessment Questions
(58)
3 Components of Phenotypic Values and Variances
(60)
3.1 Decomposition of the Genotypic Value for a Locus
(60)
3.2 Decomposition of the Genotypic Variance for a Locus
(64)
3.3 Decomposition of Genotypic Values and Variances for More than One Locus
(66)
3.3.1 Gametic Disequilibrium Variance
(66)
3.3.2 Epistatic Variance
(69)
3.4 Concepts of Heritability and Genetic Correlation
(72)
3.4.1 Degree of Genetic Determination
(72)
3.4.2 Heritability
(73)
3.4.3 Genetic Correlation between Traits
(75)
3.5 The Environmental Deviation and Its Contribution to Phenotypic Variance
(77)
3.5.1 Phenotypic Plasticity
(77)
3.5.2 Genotype–Environment Interaction
(79)
3.5.3 Genotype–Environment Correlation
(81)
3.5.4 Decomposition of the Environmental Variance: Repeatability
(81)
Problems
(83)
Self-Assessment Questions
(84)
4 Inbreeding and Coancestry
(85)
4.1 The Coefficients of Inbreeding and Coancestry
(85)
4.1.1 Calculation of F and f from Genealogies
(87)
4.1.2 Molecular Coancestry and Inbreeding Coefficients
(89)
4.1.3 The Expected Inbreeding in the Ideal Population
(94)
4.2 Populations with Regular Inbreeding
(96)
4.2.1 Highly Inbred Lines
(96)
4.2.2 Inbreeding in Large Populations
(98)
4.3 Modulation of Inbreeding by the Effect of Mutation and Selection
(99)
4.3.1 Mutation–Drift Equilibrium
(100)
4.3.2 The Purged Inbreeding Coefficient
(100)
4.4 Inbreeding in Subdivided Populations
(101)
4.4.1 Wright’s F Statistics
(101)
4.4.2 Change of Base Population in the Estimation of Inbreeding
(105)
4.4.3 Migration–Drift Equilibrium
(106)
4.4.4 Estimation of FST with Genetic Markers
(108)
Problems
(111)
Self-Assessment Questions
(111)
5 Effective Population Size
(113)
5.1 Definition and Methods for the Prediction of the Effective Population Size
(113)
5.2 Prediction of Ne in Unselected Populations
(115)
5.2.1 Absence of Self-Fertilization
(115)
5.2.2 Different Number of Males and Females
(116)
5.2.3 Variable Population Size across Generations
(116)
5.2.4 Non-Random Contribution of Parents to Offspring
(117)
5.2.5 Partial Mating among Relatives
(119)
5.2.6 Overlapping Generations
(120)
5.2.7 Different Models of Inheritance and Reproduction
(121)
5.3 Prediction of Ne in Selected Populations
(122)
5.3.1 Cumulative Effect of Selection
(122)
5.3.2 The Impact of Linkage
(124)
5.4 Prediction of Ne in Subdivided Populations
(125)
5.4.1 Prediction with Different Models of Population Structure
(125)
5.4.2 General Model
(125)
5.5 Applications of the Theory of Effective Population Size to Conservation
(127)
5.5.1 Contributions with Minimal Variance
(127)
5.5.2 Mating Systems
(129)
5.6 Estimation of Effective Population Size Using Demographic Methods
(131)
5.7 Estimation of Effective Population Size Using the Allelism of Lethals Method
(132)
5.8 Estimation of Effective Population Size with Molecular Markers
(134)
5.8.1 Heterozygosity Excess Method
(134)
5.8.2 Linkage Disequilibrium Method
(134)
5.8.3 Temporal Method
(135)
5.8.4 Coancestry and Sib Frequency Methods
(136)
5.8.5 Methods with Multiple Information Sources
(136)
5.9 Estimates of Ne/N in Natural Populations
(137)
Problems
(137)
Self-Assessment Questions
(138)
6 Estimation of Genetic Values, Variances and Covariances
(140)
6.1 Estimation of Heritability with Simple Experimental Designs
(140)
6.1.1 Estimation Based on the Degree of Resemblance between Parents and Offspring
(141)
6.1.2 Estimation Based on the Degree of Resemblance between Sibs
(143)
6.1.3 Effect of Assortative Mating
(147)
6.1.4 Estimation Based on the Degree of Similarity between Twins
(147)
6.1.5 Coefficients of Additive and Dominance Relationships
(149)
6.2 Estimation of Genetic Correlation
(150)
6.3 Estimation of Variance Components and Prediction of Additive Values with Complex Structure of the Data
(151)
6.3.1 Estimation of Mean and Variance by Maximum Likelihood
(152)
6.3.2 REML Estimation with the Animal Model
(154)
6.3.3 Prediction of Additive Values by BLUP
(156)
6.3.4 Example of BLUP Prediction and BLUE Estimation
(158)
6.3.5 Use of Molecular Coancestries with Genetic Markers
(160)
6.3.6 Comparison between Estimates of Heritability with Genealogical and Molecular Data
(162)
Problems
(163)
Self-Assessment Questions
(164)
7 Mutation
(166)
7.1 Estimation and Analysis of Mutation in Quantitative Traits
(166)
7.1.1 Probability of Fixation of a Mutation
(168)
7.1.2 Estimation of the Rate of Mutation and Mutational Effects
(170)
7.1.3 Estimation of the Dominance Coefficient
(175)
7.1.4 Beneficial Mutations and Summary of Mutational Parameters for Fitness
(178)
7.1.5 Combined Effect of Mutations and Environmental Factors
(179)
7.1.6 Estimation of Mutational Parameters for Neutral or Quasi-Neutral Traits
(181)
7.2 Implications of Deleterious Mutations in Populations of Large Size
(183)
7.2.1 Equilibrium between Deleterious Mutation and Selection
(183)
7.2.2 Mutation Load
(184)
7.2.3 Estimation of the Average Dominance Coefficient in the Mutation–Selection Equilibrium
(186)
7.2.4 Estimation of Mutational Parameters in the Mutation–Selection Equilibrium from Data of Panmictic and Inbred Populations
(187)
7.3 Mutation and Recombination
(188)
7.3.1 Evolutionary Advantage of Recombination
(188)
7.3.2 The Hill–Robertson Effect
(190)
Problems
(191)
Self-Assessment Questions
(192)
8 Consequences of Inbreeding
(193)
8.1 Effects of Inbreeding on the Mean and Variance of Quantitative Traits
(194)
8.1.1 Decomposition of the Genotypic Value and Variance in a Non-Panmictic Population
(194)
8.1.2 Estimation of Inbreeding Depression and Inbreeding Load
(197)
8.2 Inbreeding in Panmictic Populations of Reduced Census Size
(203)
8.2.1 Redistribution of Within- and Between-Line Genetic Variance
(203)
8.2.2 Genetic Differentiation in Quantitative Traits
(206)
8.2.3 Mutational Meltdown and Purging of the Inbreeding Load
(209)
8.3 Evolution of Inbreeding in Natural Populations
(211)
8.4 Crossbreeding and Heterosis
(214)
8.4.1 General and Specific Combining Abilities
(215)
8.5 Applications in Conservation
(219)
8.5.1 The Minimum Effective Size of a Viable Population
(220)
8.5.2 Consequences of Conservation Methods
(221)
8.5.3 Molecular Variation as a Complement to Quantitative Genetic Variation
(222)
Problems
(223)
Self-Assessment Questions
(224)
9 Artificial Selection
(225)
9.1 Principles of Artificial Selection and Its Applications
(225)
9.1.1 Response to Selection and Its Prediction
(226)
9.1.2 Correlated Response
(229)
9.1.3 Measure of the Response
(230)
9.1.4 Asymmetry of the Response
(232)
9.1.5 Change of Allele Frequency Due to Selection
(234)
9.2 Effect of Selection on Genetic Variance
(236)
9.2.1 The Bulmer Effect
(236)
9.2.2 The Effective Population Size with Artificial Selection
(237)
9.2.3 Combined Effect of Genetic Drift and Selection on Genetic Variance
(238)
9.3 Long-Term Response
(239)
9.3.1 Prediction of the Long-Term Selection Response
(239)
9.3.2 Comparison with Empirical Data
(242)
9.4 Family, Within-Family and BLUP Selection
(246)
9.5 Use of Molecular Markers
(249)
Problems
(250)
Self-Assessment Questions
(251)
10 Natural Selection
(252)
10.1 Quantitative Traits and Fitness
(252)
10.2 The Response to Natural Selection
(253)
10.3 Directional, Stabilizing and Diversifying Selection
(256)
10.3.1 The Intensity of Real and Apparent Stabilizing Selection
(258)
10.3.2 Selection in Heterogeneous Environments
(260)
10.3.3 Genetic Variance and Natural Selection
(263)
10.4 Genomic Footprint of Natural Selection
(265)
Problems
(265)
Self-Assessment Questions
(266)
11 Genomic Analysis of Quantitative Traits
(268)
11.1 Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci
(268)
11.2 Genome-Wide Association Studies
(271)
11.3 Detection of the Footprint of Selection
(276)
11.3.1 Principles of Methods Based on Polymorphism and Divergence
(276)
11.3.2 Linkage Disequilibrium Methods
(277)
11.3.3 Detection of Diversifying and Convergent Selection
(279)
11.4 Genomic Selection
(281)
Problems
(286)
Self-Assessment Questions
(286)
Solutions to Problems and Self-Assessment Questions
(287)
Chapter 1
(287)
Problem 1.1
(287)
Problem 1.2
(287)
Self-Assessment Questions
(287)
Chapter 2
(287)
Problem 2.1
(287)
Problem 2.2
(288)
Problem 2.3
(289)
Problem 2.4
(289)
Problem 2.5
(290)
Problem 2.6
(290)
Self-Assessment Questions
(291)
Chapter 3
(291)
Problem 3.1
(291)
Problem 3.2
(291)
Problem 3.3
(292)
Problem 3.4
(292)
Problem 3.5
(293)
Self-Assessment Questions
(293)
Chapter 4
(293)
Problem 4.1
(293)
Problem 4.2
(293)
Problem 4.3
(294)
Problem 4.4
(294)
Problem 4.5
(294)
Self-Assessment Questions
(294)
Chapter 5
(295)
Problem 5.1
(295)
Problem 5.2
(295)
Problem 5.3
(295)
Problem 5.4
(295)
Problem 5.5
(296)
Self-Assessment Questions
(296)
Chapter 6
(296)
Problem 6.1
(296)
Problem 6.2
(296)
Problem 6.3
(297)
Problem 6.4
(297)
Problem 6.5
(297)
Self-Assessment Questions
(298)
Chapter 7
(298)
Problem 7.1
(298)
Problem 7.2
(298)
Problem 7.3
(298)
Problem 7.4
(298)
Problem 7.5
(299)
Self-Assessment Questions
(299)
Chapter 8
(299)
Problem 8.1
(299)
Problem 8.2
(299)
Problem 8.3
(300)
Problem 8.4
(300)
Problem 8.5
(300)
Self-Assessment Questions
(301)
Chapter 9
(301)
Problem 9.1
(301)
Problem 9.2
(301)
Problem 9.3
(301)
Problem 9.4
(301)
Problem 9.5
(302)
Self-Assessment Questions
(302)
Chapter 10
(302)
Problem 10.1
(302)
Problem 10.2
(302)
Self-Assessment Questions
(302)
Chapter 11
(303)
Problem 11.1
(303)
Problem 11.2
(303)
Self-Assessment Questions
(303)
Glossary
(304)
References
(317)
Index
(336)
